Vitamin B12 is a B vitamin
At this stage, the nerve damage results from the destruction of myelin and nerve axons in the white matter of the spinal cord
For instance, a patient with borderline low B-vitamin levels might receive 0.5 mL IM weekly, whereas someone with severe malabsorption could receive 1-2 mL IM two to three times per week initially
After first reconstitution (puncturing the rubber stopper with a sterile needle to introduce bacteriostatic water), the vial's internal environment is exposed, though the rubber stopper reseals when the needle is removed
This broader effect is one reason its drawn interest from people managing chronic inflammatory conditions not just localized injuries
(PubMed) Hu Y, Feng W, Chen H, et al