Reduced Fatigue: By buffering lactic acid, creatine helps athletes push through longer, harder workouts and reduces rate of perceived exertion (RPE)
Many people overestimate their height by an inch or more, which artificially lowers BMI
Finally, excessive glucose flux through the hexosamine pathway leads to UDP-GlcNAc accumulation and subsequent O-GlcNAcylation of serine/threonine residues on antioxidant enzymes, like SOD, reducing their activity (Paneque et al., 2023)
Tripathi P, Rai P, Mishra D
Sleep and recovery : users and some studies report improved sleep quality and recovery metrics
Most of the supporting science involves the ingredients individually, often in oral supplement form rather than injectable, and frequently in specific patient populations like women with PCOS