For the peptide-agnostic storage framework and cold-chain setup, see how to store peptides
Oral supplements are available, but most veterinarians prefer the injections, the thought being that they are more reliable since were dealing with cats who have demonstrated a compromised ability to absorb cobalamin through their GI tracts
For spray formulations that omit benzyl alcohol entirely (some do, to avoid nasal irritation), microbial contamination adds to the degradation risk
The main ways that peptide nasal sprays and injectable peptides differ are in how they are delivered and how convenient they are
For any storage beyond a few weeks, refrigeration is the minimum standard
The CACT transporter is also capable of transporting acyl-carnitine molecules from the cytosol into the mitochondria, as described in the next section