Oral supplements often dont provide the full benefits due to limited absorption in the digestive tract
People with Absorption Issues Several conditions can impair B12 absorption: Pernicious anaemia An autoimmune condition thats the most common cause of severe B12 deficiency in the UK Crohns disease or coeliac disease Previous gastric surgery Including gastric bypass Chronic use of certain medications Including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), metformin, and some anti-seizure medications Others at Risk Pregnant and breastfeeding women (who have increased B12 requirements) Heavy alcohol consumers Those with chronic inflammation affecting gut health People taking certain oral contraceptives B12 Deficiency in the UK: How Common Is It
It is listed as an intramuscular (IM) injection only
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Notably, it has a prominent effect on alcohol lesions (i.e., acute, chronic) and NSAIDs-lesions (interestingly, BPC 157 both prevents and reverses arthritis) and acts as a free radical scavenger and exhibits neuroprotective properties