3 Conclusion Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an umbrella term that contains oxygen radicals and non-radical compounds such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radicals, lipid radicals, and (phosphorus) lipid hydroperoxides ( 2 O 2 and organic hydroperoxides to water and corresponding alcohols, respectively
The rate-limiting step in extracellular GSH catabolism is controlled by -glutamyltransferases (GGTs), which cleave the -glutamyl bond in GSH to release glutamate and dipeptide cysteinylglycine
Where possible, we have added the source of these cell lines, and have gone through each section to add any additional neuroanatomical information that we may have missed
GI protection (preclinical): Reported cytoprotective effects on the gastrointestinal lining in animal models [2]
lipids and DNA
Regarding the chemical features, threonine should in principle be able to stabilize the conserved water molecule via hydrogen bonds and thus ensure the deprotonation process