In pre-clinical research, it is primarily studied for its effects on gastrointestinal healing, tendon and ligament repair, vascular growth (angiogenesis), and potential neuroprotective properties
Oncolytics 3 , 19 (2016)
If you have searched for ways to settle a swollen knee or speed up recovery after an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction or knee replacement, you have probably come across bold claims about peptides for inflammation and recovery
These products have not received the safety and quality review of the FDA, and have not adequately been tested on humans like other more rigorously tested products like GLP-1 drugs
generally considered to offer the most reliable bioavailability Nasal spray less invasive, though bioavailability may be lower than injectable forms Sublingual tablets a convenient oral-adjacent option with variable absorption General dosage considerations Research protocols have typically explored dosages in the range of 100 to 500 micrograms per administration
Presented for research literature review only Kim UH et al