They are often sufficient for correcting mild dietary deficiencies (e.g., in vegans who dont consume fortified foods) and can sometimes be used for maintaining levels after an initial course of injections, provided absorption is adequately monitored by a healthcare professional
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles and keep materials in their original sealed container until ready for use
Check serum vitamin B12 levels, complete blood counts, and how the patient is doing regularly
It was investigated as a candidate obesity therapeutic but did not meet its primary endpoints in clinical trials, and no marketing approval followed
Mechanistic case, trial data, and the open question
This is a precaution against bacteria entering your injection sites and creating an infection