It is not merely a matter of substituting one for the other but a nuanced exploration of the complexities involved
The overstimulation of neurons activates microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, which release proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF- and IL-1, as well as ROS (McConnell et al., 2015) (Figure 1)
Vitamin B12 deficiency can be due to a number of reasons
This excellent safety record contributed to the peptides characterization as having tolerability indistinguishable from placebo in published research
That reaction is completely understandable, and it is also, more often than not, premature
The frequency of injections depends on the severity of the deficiency and the underlying cause of the deficiency