311 Under typical oxygen conditions, Nt-Cys2 undergoes oxidation catalyzed by either plant cysteine oxidase 1 (PCO1) or PCO2, followed by arginylation by ATE1, resulting in the formation of Nt-Arg-CysO 2 (H) (RC O2 )
Under the iron-rich, ROS-prone conditions characteristic of lesions, this perturbation engages a coordinated program of RCD across intersecting pathwaysnot only ferroptosis but also necroptotic and pyroptotic signalingwhile ferritin handling and mitophagy status further skew redox homeostasis toward irreversible injury in EESCs
Seeing the rapid effects motivates patients to stick to their recommended protocol
Last updated on Aug 22, 2025
It is contraindicated in certain conditions such as active malignancy and must be used cautiously in those with diabetes, prediabetes, or a history of pituitary disease, which is why careful screening and regular monitoring are essential
Only studies in English were included in the meta-analysis