The loss of lean muscle mass has long been a concern for patients using GLP-1 therapies
Case 232018: A man with episodes of confusion and hypoglycemia
Glutathione is a tripeptide made from three amino acids (glutamate, cysteine, and glycine), and cysteine is the bottleneck: your body typically has plenty of glutamate and glycine, but cysteine availability limits how much glutathione you can produce
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According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the top 3 PBMs OptumRx (owned by UnitedHealth Group), Express Scripts (owned by Cigna), and CVS Caremark (owned by CVS Health, which also owns Aetna) manage 79% of prescription drug claims on behalf of 270 million people in 2023 (Figure 1)
Excessive toxin concentrations in the liver can deplete glutathione levels, leading to severe liver damage