After you eat, it helps signal fullness to the brain, slows how quickly food leaves the stomach, supports insulin release when blood sugar rises, and helps reduce glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar
A 2025 systematic review of 544 records found 35 preclinical and only 1 clinical study, and identified no clinical safety data
Legitimate domestic suppliers sell it explicitly as a research chemical for laboratory or in-vitro use, which is a narrow legal category that does not extend to personal administration
For example, the company is working on an oral GLP-1/GIP candidate (a new drug that could rival Oral Semaglutide)
What does that really mean
Vaccaro V, Devine MJ, Higgs NF, Kittler JT