Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 69(3):336338 Fasano A, Chassaing B, Haller D, Flores Ventura E, Carmen-Collado M, Pastor N, Koren O, Berni Canani R (2024) Microbiota during pregnancy and early life: role in maternal-neonatal outcomes based on human evidence
Indeed, oleic acid is internalized via CD36 and converted to OEA in the duodeno-jejunal enterocytes, which in turn causes satiety directly via PPAR- (323) or indirectly through an incretin secretion mediated via GPR119 in the gut (324)
2022;10:e581
Unlike simpler forms of hyperpigmentation, melasma involves complex inflammatory processes occurring at various depths within the skin, making it resistant to standard treatments
Activation of GLP-1R also enhances the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10, along with increasing the expression of the neuroprotective factor -endorphin in microglia [112]
The causes are varied: heredity, hormonal fluctuations, stress, an unbalanced diet or skin ageing